Title: Click here to begin the Summative Test (Form A)
Course: Developmental English > Section: Appendix

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166052 - Objective(s) 1.1.3

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Why did the author write this passage?
- to take a position in favor of cursive writing (Incorrect. The purpose explains why the writer is writing about the topic. While the writer discusses the benefits of cursive writing, she does not take a position.)
- to provide information on the history of cursive writing (Incorrect. The purpose explains why the writer is writing about the topic. While the writer provides some information on the history of cursive writing, this is not why she wrote the passage.)
- to present different views on the issue of teaching cursive writing (Correct. You have correctly identified the author's purpose. In the passage, the author discusses both the benefits and drawbacks of cursive writing.)
- to inform teachers about the positive impact of teaching cursive writing (Incorrect. The purpose explains why the writer is writing about the topic. While teachers might be interested in this passage, it was not written specifically for them.)
A: to present different views on the issue of teaching cursive writing

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166064 - Objective(s) 1.2.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the topic sentence of paragraph 1 of the passage?
- “Cursive is an art that is centuries old, but might the book of its history soon be closed?” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
- “In fact, during the seventeen hundreds, penmanship schools were established to educate master scribes.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
- “However, the popularity of formal handwriting is in decline.” (Correct. You have correctly identified the topic sentence of the paragraph. This sentence contains the main point of the paragraph.)
- “Fewer American school systems are requiring it to be taught in second and third grades, which is traditionally when students learn cursive.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
A: “However, the popularity of formal handwriting is in decline.”

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166076 - Objective(s) 1.2.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the topic sentence of paragraph 5 of the passage?
- “Also, there may not be enough time for teaching cursive anymore.” (Correct. You have correctly identified the topic sentence of the paragraph. This sentence contains the main point of the paragraph.)
- “These standards do not require that cursive be taught in schools.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
- “They do, however, specify that students should learn how to use technology.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
- “Today, most people communicate through email or text messages.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
A: “Also, there may not be enough time for teaching cursive anymore.”

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166088 - Objective(s) 1.3.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which of these sentences from the passage is an opinion?
- “Cursive handwriting is beautiful.” (paragraph 1) (Correct. You have correctly identified an opinion from the passage. The word “beautiful” indicates that this sentence is the author's opinion.)
- “Older generations were taught to write using cursive almost exclusively.” (paragraph 2) (Incorrect. An opinion shows bias and cannot be proven to be true. This sentence provides facts about how cursive was taught.)
- “States such as Indiana, Illinois, and Hawaii are making teaching cursive optional for a few reasons.” (paragraph 4) (Incorrect. An opinion shows bias and cannot be proven to be true. This sentence provides facts about states that have made cursive optional.)
- “Recently, new guidelines for what to teach, called the Common Core State Standards, have been developed.” (paragraph 5) (Incorrect. An opinion shows bias and cannot be proven to be true. This sentence provides facts about a set of new standards.)
A: “Cursive handwriting is beautiful.” (paragraph 1)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166100 - Objective(s) 1.3.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which of these sentences from the passage is a fact?
- “Cursive handwriting is beautiful.” (paragraph 1) (Incorrect. A fact is something that can be proven. The word “beautiful” indicates that this sentence is the author's opinion.)
- “States such as Tennessee, California, Georgia, and Massachusetts agree that teaching cursive in schools is important.” (paragraph 3) (Correct. You have correctly identified a fact from the passage. This sentence is based on fact.)
- “With the extensive use of technology for writing, such as smart phones, computers, and tablets, cursive might not be as important as typing.” (paragraph 4) (Incorrect. A fact is something that can be proven. The word “might” indicates that this sentence is the author's opinion.)
- “A new voice for or against cursive might come from the students, themselves.” (paragraph 6) (Incorrect. A fact is something that can be proven. The word “might” indicates that this sentence is the author's opinion.)
A: “States such as Tennessee, California, Georgia, and Massachusetts agree that teaching cursive in schools is important.” (paragraph 3)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166112 - Objective(s) 1.7.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Read this sentence from paragraph 5.

“Thus, proponents of doing away with cursive in schools think that the time might be more wisely spent teaching keyboarding.”

Using the meaning of the prefix “pro-,” what does the word proponents mean in the sentence?
- supporters (Correct. You have used the prefix “pro-,” which means in favor of, to correctly identify the meaning of the word proponents.)
- competitors (Incorrect. A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a root word that can sometimes enhance or change its meaning. The prefix “pro-” means for or in favor of.)
- individuals (Incorrect. A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a root word that can sometimes enhance or change its meaning. The prefix “pro-” means for or in favor of.)
- groups (Incorrect. A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a root word that can sometimes enhance or change its meaning. The prefix “pro-” means for or in favor of.)
A: supporters

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165568 - Objective(s) 1.9.1

Read this sentence.

The table was given to Lexi by her grandmother.

Which of the following revises this sentence to include another prepositional phrase?
- The table in the kitchen was given to Lexi by her grandmother. (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that includes another prepositional phrase, “in the kitchen.”)
- The table was given to Lexi by her beloved grandmother. (Incorrect. Prepositions are words or groups of words that connect a noun or pronoun to other words to describe it; in particular, prepositions usually describe space (location) or time. The word “beloved” is an adjective.)
- The table was given to Lexi by her grandmother Ruth. (Incorrect. Prepositions are words or groups of words that connect a noun or pronoun to other words to describe it; in particular, prepositions usually describe space (location) or time. The grandmother's name, “Ruth,” is not a preposition.)
- The wooden table was given to Lexi by her grandmother. (Incorrect. Prepositions are words or groups of words that connect a noun or pronoun to other words to describe it; in particular, prepositions usually describe space (location) or time. The word “wooden” is an adjective.)
A: The table in the kitchen was given to Lexi by her grandmother.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165580 - Objective(s) 2.7.2

Read this run-on sentence.

Sasha was playing soccer she got a cramp in her leg and had to stop playing.

Which of the following makes this sentence correct?
- Sasha was playing soccer, she got a cramp in her leg and had to stop playing. (Incorrect. A run-on sentence occurs when a sentence has two or more independent clauses joined without punctuation or a conjunction.)
- Sasha was playing soccer; and she got a cramp in her leg and had to stop playing. (Incorrect. A run-on sentence occurs when a sentence has two or more independent clauses joined without punctuation or a conjunction.)
- While Sasha was playing soccer, she got a cramp in her leg and had to stop playing. (Correct. You have identified how to correct the run-on sentence.)
- Sasha was playing soccer then; she got a cramp in her leg and had to stop playing. (Incorrect. A run-on sentence occurs when a sentence has two or more independent clauses joined without punctuation or a conjunction.)
A: While Sasha was playing soccer, she got a cramp in her leg and had to stop playing.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165592 - Objective(s) 2.8.2

Read this sentence, which contains a comma splice.

In the evenings, Sue likes to walk the dog, it is a nice break from her homework.

Which of the following makes this sentence correct?
- In the evenings, Sue likes to walk the dog it is a nice break from her homework. (Incorrect. A comma splice is a type of run-on sentence that occurs when two independent clauses are incorrectly joined with a comma instead of a period, semicolon, or conjunction.)
- In the evenings, Sue likes to walk the dog: because it is a nice break from her homework. (Incorrect. A comma splice is a type of run-on sentence that occurs when two independent clauses are incorrectly joined with a comma instead of a period, semicolon, or conjunction.)
- In the evenings, Sue likes to walk the dog, her walk is a nice break from her homework. (Incorrect. A comma splice is a type of run-on sentence that occurs when two independent clauses are incorrectly joined with a comma instead of a period, semicolon, or conjunction.)
- In the evenings, Sue likes to walk the dog. It is a nice break from her homework. (Correct. You have identified how to correct the comma splice. Adding a period to the first clause and a capital letter to the second clause make this correct.)
A: In the evenings, Sue likes to walk the dog. It is a nice break from her homework.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165604 - Objective(s) 3.6.2

Which sentence is written in the present tense?
- Steve will plan a camping trip for next summer. (Incorrect. Present tense refers to situations that are happening right now.)
- Steve is planning a camping trip for next summer. (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that is written in the present tense.)
- Steve has planned a camping trip for next summer. (Incorrect. Present tense refers to situations that are happening right now.)
- Steve might plan a camping trip for next summer. (Incorrect. Present tense refers to situations that are happening right now.)
A: Steve is planning a camping trip for next summer.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165616 - Objective(s) 3.6.3

Which sentence is written in the future tense?
- I slept on the couch at Grandma's house. (Incorrect. Future tense refers to situations that will happen sometime in the future and often use a helping verb.)
- I will sleep on the couch at Grandma's house. (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that is written in the future tense.)
- I am sleeping on the couch at Grandma's house. (Incorrect. Future tense refers to situations that will happen sometime in the future and often use a helping verb.)
- I have been sleeping on the couch at Grandma's house. (Incorrect. Future tense refers to situations that will happen sometime in the future and often use a helping verb.)
A: I will sleep on the couch at Grandma's house.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166136 - Objective(s) 1.6.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What does the word recruited mean in paragraph 5 of the passage?
- convinced (Incorrect. Recruited is set in contrast to the phrase “Someone who simply walks in.”)
- reviewed (Incorrect. Recruited is set in contrast to the phrase “Someone who simply walks in.”)
- selected (Correct. You have correctly identified the meaning of the word recruited. Recruited is set in contrast to the phrase “Someone who simply walks in.”)
- detained (Incorrect. Recruited is set in contrast to the phrase “Someone who simply walks in.”)
A: selected

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166148 - Objective(s) 3.4.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the implied main idea of the passage?
- Espionage is important to national security. (Correct. You have correctly identified the implied main idea of the passage. It was implied that “Espionage is important to national security,” although it was not explicitly stated.)
- Spying is used in almost every country in the world. (Incorrect. Sometimes the main idea of a passage is not clearly stated, but rather it is “implied.”)
- Spies should not be trusted with government secrets. (Incorrect. Sometimes the main idea of a passage is not clearly stated, but rather it is “implied.”)
- Espionage should not be used to deliver misinformation. (Incorrect. Sometimes the main idea of a passage is not clearly stated, but rather it is “implied.”)
A: Espionage is important to national security.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166160 - Objective(s) 7.10.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which sentence from the passage uses passive voice?
- “Spies, however, aren't just in make-believe; every day in the real world, spies are watching, listening, taking pictures, and reporting their findings.” (paragraph 1) (Incorrect. In passive voice, the subject is acted upon by someone or something else. In this sentence, the subject “spies” actively do something: they are “watching,” “listening,” “taking pictures,” and “reporting their findings.”)
- “Leaders of the world's governments have to make life-and-death decisions on a daily basis.” (paragraph 2) (Incorrect. In passive voice, the subject is acted upon by someone or something else. In this sentence, the subject “leaders of the world's governments” actively do something: they “make decisions.”)
- “International espionage—or spying—is a messy and complex business that has been around for as long as there have been governments (about five thousand years).” (paragraph 4) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence in which the subject is acted upon by someone or something else. In this sentence, the subject “spying” does not actively do anything.)
- “A spy usually works through a person called a controller, who may offer training, provide assignments, and serve as the conduit for information.” (paragraph 6) (Incorrect. In passive voice, the subject is acted upon by someone or something else. In this clause, the subject “controller” actively does something: “offer training,” “provide assignments,” and “serve as the conduit for information.”)
A: “International espionage—or spying—is a messy and complex business that has been around for as long as there have been governments (about five thousand years).” (paragraph 4)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166176 - Objective(s) 8.1.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

According to the passage, what is one effect of spreading false information?
- It confuses the enemy. (Correct. You have correctly identified the effect of spreading false information.)
- It creates a cover for spies. (Incorrect. This is not an effect of spreading false information.)
- It makes passing secrets easier. (Incorrect. This is not an effect of spreading false information.)
- It helps recruit new double-agents. (Incorrect. This is not an effect of spreading false information.)
A: It confuses the enemy.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166188 - Objective(s) 8.1.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

According to the passage, what is one cause of espionage?
- enemies possess too much information (Incorrect. To determine a cause, look for signal words such as "consequently" or "cause.")
- the need for open communication with allies (Incorrect. To determine a cause, look for signal words such as "consequently" or "cause.")
- governments have to make life-and-death decisions (Correct. You have correctly identified one cause of espionage.)
- leaders need to anticipate the number of defectors (Incorrect. To determine a cause, look for signal words such as "consequently" or "cause.")
A: governments have to make life-and-death decisions

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166200 - Objective(s) 9.1.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the main idea of the passage?
- Spying can be a rewarding career. (Incorrect. This passage mentions types of spies and details about individual spies, but it is not the main idea of the entire passage.)
- Spying is a common tool for governments. (Correct. You have correctly identified the main idea of the passage. The main idea is that espionage is an essential tool for governments.)
- Spying has a long and glorious, but troubled, history. (Incorrect. This passage mentions details about spying history, but it is not the main idea of the entire passage.)
- Spying is a common theme in movies and television shows. (Incorrect. This is mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 4, but it is not the main idea of the entire passage.)
A: Spying is a common tool for governments.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166212 - Objective(s) 9.1.2

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What sentence from the passage shows the author's bias?
- “Spies, however, aren't just in make-believe; every day in the real world, spies are watching, listening, taking pictures, and reporting their findings.” (paragraph 1) (Incorrect. A writer shows bias when he or she leans toward one side of an argument. This sentence is a fact and there is no side taken.)
- “Leaders of the world's governments have to make life-and-death decisions on a daily basis.” (paragraph 2) (Incorrect. A writer shows bias when he or she leans toward one side of an argument. This sentence is a fact and there is no side taken.)
- “International espionage—or spying—is a messy and complex business that has been around for as long as there have been governments (about five thousand years).” (paragraph 4) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that shows bias, a leaning toward one side of an argument. In this case, the phrase “is a messy and complex business” shows that the writer leans toward seeing spying as possibly unethical and overly complex.)
- “Usually, spies have contact with their controller and no one else.” (paragraph 6) (Incorrect. A writer shows bias when he or she leans toward one side of an argument. This sentence is a fact and there is no side taken.)
A: “International espionage—or spying—is a messy and complex business that has been around for as long as there have been governments (about five thousand years).” (paragraph 4)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166224 - Objective(s) 9.1.3

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which sentence from the passage is an example of an opinion disguised as a fact?
- “The more information those leaders have the better chance they have of making the right choices.” (paragraph 2) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that uses the vague phrase “better chance” to refer to leaders making the right choices. That information gives leaders a better chance to make the right decisions is an opinion, not a fact.)
- “In the early twentieth century, spies began to appear in novels and other stories; they are the heroes of some of the earliest movies.” (paragraph 4) (Incorrect. Sometimes writers state their opinions as if they were facts. This sentence is an historical fact, not an opinion.)
- “For example, in the United States, these spies work for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and, in the former Soviet Union, spies worked for an agency called the KGB.” (paragraph 5) (Incorrect. Sometimes writers state their opinions as if they were facts. This sentence is an historical fact, not an opinion.)
- “While spy planes can fly over enemy territory with cameras, they are at risk of being shot down.” (paragraph 8) (Incorrect. Sometimes writers state their opinions as if they were facts. This sentence is a fact, not an opinion.)
A: “The more information those leaders have the better chance they have of making the right choices.” (paragraph 2)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166124 - Objective(s) 10.2.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Read this claim from paragraph 5 of the passage.

“Defectors were spies in their own country, but they have abandoned their homeland to become agents for a foreign government.”

Which type of evidence does the author use to support this claim?
- Anecdotal evidence (Incorrect. To identify evidence by type, determine whether it is based on facts and numbers that cannot be argued, the opinions of experts, or a short story about a real-life person.)
- Facts and statistics (Incorrect. To identify evidence by type, determine whether it is based on facts and numbers that cannot be argued, the opinions of experts, or a short story about a real-life person.)
- Expert opinion (Incorrect. To identify evidence by type, determine whether it is based on facts and numbers that cannot be argued, the opinions of experts, or a short story about a real-life person.)
- No evidence (Correct. You have correctly identified that the author gives no evidence to support the claim that defectors “abandoned their homeland.”)
A: No evidence

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166172 - Objective(s) 7.5.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Read paragraphs 9 and 10 of the passage.

Paraphrase paragraphs 9-10, keeping in mind that your paraphrase should be written in your own words.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166236 - Objective(s) 9.5.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

A thesis for a critical analysis essay should identify what the author wanted to accomplish and then assess the author's success in doing so.

You have just read the passage “I Spy: The Nuts, Bolts, and Ethics of Espionage.” Write a sample thesis statement for a multi-page critical analysis essay that presents your opinion about the passage's effectiveness.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165628 - Objective(s) 3.6.4

Read the following sentences.

My story on a bright sunny day in 1962. It spans two decades, and in 1982.

Choose the verbs that make these sentences correct.
- begins / concludes (Correct. You have identified the verbs that make these sentences correct. The verb tenses are consistent and keep track of the events in the sentence.)
- began / concludes (Incorrect. The verb tense helps us keep track of the sequence of events being described. Make sure to keep the verb tense consistent throughout a text.)
- has begun / concluded (Incorrect. The verb tense helps us keep track of the sequence of events being described. Make sure to keep the verb tense consistent throughout a text.)
- will begin / concluded (Incorrect. The verb tense helps us keep track of the sequence of events being described. Make sure to keep the verb tense consistent throughout a text.)
A: begins / concludes

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165640 - Objective(s) 4.6.1

Which sentence with an introductory phrase is punctuated correctly?
- According to Professsor White and his students the lecture, got right to the point. (Incorrect. An introductory phrase is any group of words that precedes the subject in a sentence and is followed by a comma.)
- According to, Professsor White and his students, the lecture got right to the point. (Incorrect. An introductory phrase is any group of words that precedes the subject in a sentence and is followed by a comma.)
- According to Professsor White and his students, the lecture got right to the point. (Correct. You have identified the sentence that is punctuated correctly. The introductory phrase “According to Professor White and his students” is followed by a comma.)
- According to Professsor White, and his students, the lecture got right to the point. (Incorrect. An introductory phrase is any group of words that precedes the subject in a sentence and is followed by a comma.)
A: According to Professsor White and his students, the lecture got right to the point.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165652 - Objective(s) 4.7.1

Which sentence with a transition is punctuated correctly?
- Moreover: each and every student received a perfect score. (Incorrect. Transition words or conjunctive adverbs that appear at the beginning of a sentence are punctuated like an introductory phrase.)
- Moreover each and every student received a perfect score. (Incorrect. Transition words or conjunctive adverbs that appear at the beginning of a sentence are punctuated like an introductory phrase.)
- Moreover; each and every student received a perfect score. (Incorrect. Transition words or conjunctive adverbs that appear at the beginning of a sentence are punctuated like an introductory phrase.)
- Moreover, each and every student received a perfect score. (Correct. You have identified the sentence that is punctuated correctly. A comma is placed after the transition word “Moreover” when it appears at the beginning of the sentence.)
A: Moreover, each and every student received a perfect score.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165664 - Objective(s) 4.8.1

Which sentence contains correct parallel structure?
- Jodi said she had gone home, made a cup of tea, and starts reading the book. (Incorrect. Parallel structure is used to balance items in sentences. Balance means that you use similar grammatical structures to describe similar ideas. The verbs “gone,” “made,” and “starts” are not all parallel in structure.)
- Jodi said she had gone home, made a cup of tea, and started reading the book. (Correct. You have identified the sentence with the correct parallel structure. The verbs “gone,” “made,” and “started” are grammatically parallel in structure.)
- Jodi said she had gone home, makes a cup of tea, and starts reading the book. (Incorrect. Parallel structure is used to balance items in sentences. Balance means that you use similar grammatical structures to describe similar ideas. The verbs “gone,” “makes,” and “starts” are not all parallel in structure.)
- Jodi said she goes home, makes a cup of tea, and started reading the book. (Incorrect. Parallel structure is used to balance items in sentences. Balance means that you use similar grammatical structures to describe similar ideas. The verbs “goes,” “makes,” and “started” are not all parallel in structure.)
A: Jodi said she had gone home, made a cup of tea, and started reading the book.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165676 - Objective(s) 5.1.2

Read this sentence.

Bob's new classmate is pushy. He insisted that Bob show him around school and would not leave him alone until he did.

What is the connotative meaning of the word pushy as it is used in the sentence?
- energetic (Incorrect. A connotative meaning of a word departs from its literal meaning. It conjures up other ideas based on how it is used. The second sentence provides context which helps to determine the connotative meaning of the word pushy.)
- friendly (Incorrect. A connotative meaning of a word departs from its literal meaning. It conjures up other ideas based on how it is used. The second sentence provides context which helps to determine the connotative meaning of the word pushy.)
- assertive (Correct. You have used the context of the sentence to identify the connotative meaning of the word pushy as it is used in the sentence.)
- brave (Incorrect. A connotative meaning of a word departs from its literal meaning. It conjures up other ideas based on how it is used. The second sentence provides context which helps to determine the connotative meaning of the word pushy.)
A: assertive

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166048 - Objective(s) 6.4.1

Read the first four paragraphs of this essay.

I was waiting patiently in the reception room. The last few months of my life had been dominated by a constant pain in my neck.

I had tried modern medicine, but it left me feeling worse and drained of energy. I went to a chiropractor, but that seemed to offer only temporary relief.

After greeting Dr. Pan, she quickly relieved any fear that I had about the needles. That's partly because while we were talking about my issues, she was inserting needles into my neck and I didn't even know it.

After a thirty-minute session with Dr. Pan, I could already feel the difference.

The conclusion is missing. Write a concluding paragraph for this essay.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165808 - Objective(s) 3.4.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the implied main idea of the passage?
- Arguments made in favor of school uniforms falsely claim that uniforms would solve complex problems. (Correct. You have identified the implied main idea of the passage. The writer discusses the false arguments made by James Crockett.)
- James Crockett falsely claims that the implementation of a school uniform policy would reduce bullying. (Incorrect. Sometimes the main idea of a passage is not clearly stated, but rather it is “implied.”)
- Preserving student diversity is more important than solving the problems mentioned by James Crockett. (Incorrect. Sometimes the main idea of a passage is not clearly stated, but rather it is “implied.”)
- A stricter dress code would solve problems in schools without interfering with self-expression. (Incorrect. Sometimes the main idea of a passage is not clearly stated, but rather it is “implied.”)
A: Arguments made in favor of school uniforms falsely claim that uniforms would solve complex problems.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165820 - Objective(s) 4.2.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Based on paragraph 7 of the passage, what conclusion can the reader make about the author?
- She believes there is a lack of diversity in the school community. (Incorrect. Writers sometimes leave out information, which means the reader has to figure out what the author is trying to say. The author talks about encouraging student's personalities, creativity, voice, and diversity.)
- She believes there is value in individual expression. (Correct. You have correctly identified the conclusion about the author in this paragraph. Clues are that the author talks about encouraging student's personalities, creativity, voice, and diversity.)
- She thinks that school pride is unnecessary. (Incorrect. Writers sometimes leave out information, which means the reader has to figure out what the author is trying to say. The author talks about encouraging student's personalities, creativity, voice, and diversity.)
- She sees fellowship as an outdated idea. (Incorrect. Writers sometimes leave out information, which means the reader has to figure out what the author is trying to say. The author talks about encouraging student's personalities, creativity, voice, and diversity.)
A: She believes there is value in individual expression.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165832 - Objective(s) 6.6.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which sentence from the passage includes a coordinating conjunction?
- “However, I feel that Mr. Crockett's editorial did not present a complete picture of the issue, and I would like your readers to see the gaps in his arguments.” (paragraph 1) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence with the coordinating conjunction. The coordinating conjunction “and” is used to create a compound sentence.)
- “He wrote that wearing school uniforms might result in students feeling more connected to their peers and the school community, and foster a stronger sense of identity and fellowship.” (paragraph 7) (Incorrect. Coordinating conjunctions are used to combine independent clauses.)
- “He noted that private schools, which required students to wear standard uniforms, benefitted from such regulations.” (paragraph 2) (Incorrect. Coordinating conjunctions are used to combine independent clauses.)
- “Furthermore, comparing public to private schools is comparing apples to oranges.” (paragraph 3) (Incorrect. Coordinating conjunctions are used to combine independent clauses.)
A: “However, I feel that Mr. Crockett's editorial did not present a complete picture of the issue, and I would like your readers to see the gaps in his arguments.” (paragraph 1)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165844 - Objective(s) 6.6.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which sentence from the passage includes a subordinating conjunction?
- “In addition, Mr. Crockett presented no hard evidence that private schools benefitted because their students wore uniforms.” (paragraph 3) (Incorrect. Subordinating conjunctions are used to create a special type of dependent clause called a subordinating clause.)
- “While a uniform policy might relieve the problems slightly, these are complex and challenging issues that need further investigation and require a significant amount of time and energy on the part of the schools and parents.” (paragraph 4) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence with the subordinating conjunction. The subordinating conjunction “while” creates the subordinating clause “while a uniform policy might relieve the problems slightly.”)
- “Students should be encouraged to assert their personality, creativity, and voice.” (paragraph 7) (Incorrect. Subordinating conjunctions are used to create a special type of dependent clause called a subordinating clause.)
- “This might be just the compromise for getting all the benefits of uniforms without the unintended consequences.” (paragraph 8) (Incorrect. Subordinating conjunctions are used to create a special type of dependent clause called a subordinating clause.)
A: “While a uniform policy might relieve the problems slightly, these are complex and challenging issues that need further investigation and require a significant amount of time and energy on the part of the schools and parents.” (paragraph 4)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165856 - Objective(s) 6.7.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Read this sentence from paragraph 2.

“He noted that private schools, which required students to wear standard uniforms, benefitted from such regulations.”

What is the relative clause in this sentence?
- “He noted” (Incorrect. Relative pronouns such as “who” or “whom” introduce a special type of dependent clause called a relative clause.)
- “that private schools” (Incorrect. Relative pronouns such as “who” or “whom” introduce a special type of dependent clause called a relative clause.)
- “which required students to wear standard uniforms” (Correct. You have correctly identified the relative clause in the sentence.)
- “benefitted from such regulations.” (Incorrect. Relative pronouns such as “who” or “whom” introduce a special type of dependent clause called a relative clause.)
A: “which required students to wear standard uniforms”

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165868 - Objective(s) 8.1.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

According to the passage, what is one effect that the author believes will result from a policy compelling students to wear school uniforms?
- It will reduce bullying. (Incorrect. The author disputes that this would be an effect of compulsory uniforms.)
- It will promote school pride. (Incorrect. The author disputes that this would be an effect of compulsory uniforms.)
- It will make students more focused. (Incorrect. The author disputes that this would be an effect of compulsory uniforms.)
- It will suppress diversity in school. (Correct. You have correctly identified the effect that the author believes will result from wearing school uniforms. The author asserts in paragraph 7 that uniforms would suppress diversity.)
A: It will suppress diversity in school.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165880 - Objective(s) 9.1.2

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What sentence from the passage shows the author's bias?
- “Mr. Crockett discussed the history of school uniforms in public schools, describing comparisons made in the 1980s between the quality of public schools and private schools, in particular Catholic schools.” (paragraph 2) (Incorrect. A writer shows bias when he or she leans toward one side of an argument. This sentence is a fact and there is no side taken.)
- “In addition, statistics from the U.S. Department of Education were included, which stated that between the 1999-2000 and 2009-2010 school years, the percent of public schools requiring uniforms increased from 12% to 19%.” (paragraph 2) (Incorrect. A writer shows bias when he or she leans toward one side of an argument. This sentence cites statistics and there is no side taken.)
- “While a uniform policy might relieve the problems slightly, these are complex and challenging issues that need further investigation and require a significant amount of time and energy on the part of the schools and parents.” (paragraph 4) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that shows bias. In this sentence the writer shows she does not think school uniforms would solve the problems.)
- “Mr. Crockett quoted President Clinton's 1996 State of the Union address, when he spoke about the need for schools to teach character, good principles, and citizenship.” (paragraph 5) (Incorrect. A writer shows bias when he or she leans toward one side of an argument. This sentence is a fact and there is no side taken.)
A: “While a uniform policy might relieve the problems slightly, these are complex and challenging issues that need further investigation and require a significant amount of time and energy on the part of the schools and parents.” (paragraph 4)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165892 - Objective(s) 9.1.3

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which sentence from the passage is an example of an opinion disguised as a fact?
- “However, I feel that Mr. Crockett's editorial did not present a complete picture of the issue, and I would like your readers to see the gaps in his arguments.” (paragraph 1) (Incorrect. Sometimes writers state opinions as though they are facts, however here, the author makes it clear that she is stating an opinion when she says “I feel.”)
- “Mr. Crockett made other points that I found incomplete.” (paragraph 4) (Incorrect. Sometimes writers state opinions as though they are facts, however here, the author makes it clear that she is stating an opinion when she says “points that I found incomplete.”)
- “Although I am respectful of the President's point of view, I do not agree that an editorial in your paper should use his opinion as a reason to pressure the school board to vote “yes” on the proposal.” (paragraph 6) (Incorrect. Sometimes writers state opinions as though they are facts, however here, the author makes it clear that she is stating an opinion when she says “I do not agree.”)
- “Compelling students to dress alike suppresses the diversity that our schools should be promoting.” (paragraph 7) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that appears to be a fact but is the author's opinion. It can be argued that compelling students to dress alike will not suppress diversity and/or that diversity should not be promoted.)
A: “Compelling students to dress alike suppresses the diversity that our schools should be promoting.” (paragraph 7)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165904 - Objective(s) 9.5.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

A thesis for a critical analysis essay should identify what the author wanted to accomplish and then assess the author's success in doing so.

You have just read the passage “Letters to the Editor.” Write a sample thesis statement for a multi-page critical analysis essay that presents your opinion about the passage's effectiveness.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166036 - Objective(s) 5.2.2

Read the following sentence from an article.

A hydrofoil is like a boat, but it is much much faster.

What type of definition is provided in the sentence?
- formal definition (Incorrect. A formal definition includes the traits or characteristics specific to a term.)
- informal definition (Correct. You have correctly identified the type of definition. In an informal definition, the writer uses known words or examples to explain an unknown term.)
- extended definition (Incorrect. In an extended definition the author uses a number of techniques to define a word, concept, or phrase.)
- dictionary definition (Incorrect. A dictionary definition is not written as a sentence.)
A: informal definition

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165688 - Objective(s) 5.6.2

Read this sentence.

I did not want to go to the doctor, nor did I want to stay in bed sneezing and sniffling.

What type of sentence is this?
- simple (Incorrect. A simple sentence is an independent clause with a subject and a predicate. This sentence contains two independent clauses joined together with the conjunction “nor.”)
- complex (Incorrect. A complex sentence has an independent clause and a dependent clause joined together. This sentence contains two independent clauses joined together with the conjunction “nor.”)
- compound (Correct. You have identified the correct sentence type. A compound sentence has two independent clauses joined together by a conjunction. Each independent clause has one subject and one predicate.)
- compound-complex (Incorrect. In a compound-complex sentence, one or both of the independent clauses has a subordinating clause, relative clause, or both. This sentence contains two independent clauses joined together with the conjunction “nor.”)
A: compound

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165700 - Objective(s) 5.6.3

Which of the following is a complex sentence?
- The dentist did not find anything wrong with Sue's teeth. (Incorrect. A complex sentence has an independent clause and a dependent clause. This sentence is an independent clause or simple sentence.)
- Although the dentist did not find anything wrong, Sue's mouth still hurt. (Correct. You have correctly identified the complex sentence. This sentence contains a dependent clause and an independent clause.)
- The dentist did not find anything wrong with her teeth, but Sue continues to have a toothache. (Incorrect. A complex sentence has an independent clause and a dependent clause. This sentence contains two independent clauses joined by the conjunction “but.”)
- Although the dentist found nothing wrong with Sue's teeth, she still had a toothache, so she went to bed. (Incorrect. A complex sentence has an independent clause and a dependent clause. This sentence contains a dependent clause and two independent clauses combined with the conjunction “so.”)
A: Although the dentist did not find anything wrong, Sue's mouth still hurt.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165712 - Objective(s) 5.6.4

Which of the following is a compound-complex sentence?
- Because the weather was delightful, we decided to have a picnic, but we were surprised by afternoon thunderstorms. (Correct. You have correctly identified the compound-complex sentence. This sentence has a subordinating clause “Because the weather was delightful,” and two independent clauses joined with the conjunction “but.”)
- Though the weather was delightful, we were surprised by afternoon thunderstorms. (Incorrect. In a compound-complex sentence, one or both of the independent clauses has a subordinating clause, relative clause, or both. This sentence contains a subordinating clause “Though the weather was delightful” but only one independent clause.)
- We decided to have a picnic, but we were surprised by afternoon thunderstorms. (Incorrect. In a compound-complex sentence, one or both of the independent clauses has a subordinating clause, relative clause, or both. This sentence contains two independent clauses joined by the conjunction “but.”)
- The weather was delightful, so we decided to have a picnic. (Incorrect. In a compound-complex sentence, one or both of the independent clauses has a subordinating clause, relative clause, or both. This sentence contains two independent clauses joined by the conjunction “so.”)
A: Because the weather was delightful, we decided to have a picnic, but we were surprised by afternoon thunderstorms.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165724 - Objective(s) 5.8.2

Read the following sentence.

My sister and I wanted to take a walk so that could talk about our future plans.

Which word belongs in the blank?
- she (Incorrect. The pronoun must agree with the subject “My sister and I.” Because “My sister and I” is plural, the pronoun must also be plural.)
- he (Incorrect. The pronoun must agree with the subject “My sister and I.” Because “My sister and I” is plural, the pronoun must also be plural.)
- we (Correct. You have identified the correct pronoun to complete the sentence. The pronoun “we” agrees in number with the subject “My sister and I.”)
- I (Incorrect. The pronoun must agree with the subject “My sister and I.” Because “My sister and I” is plural, the pronoun must also be plural.)
A: we

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165908 - Objective(s) 1.1.2

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Who is the intended audience for this passage?
- children who are chronically ill (Incorrect. The audience is who the writer expects to read the text. When a writer writes, he or she does so with a specific type of reader in mind.)
- people who need relief from pain (Correct. You have correctly identified the intended audience of the passage. The first and second paragraphs specifically talk about pain.)
- doctors who use traditional medicine (Incorrect. The audience is who the writer expects to read the text. When a writer writes, he or she does so with a specific type of reader in mind.)
- practitioners who work in different countries (Incorrect. The audience is who the writer expects to read the text. When a writer writes, he or she does so with a specific type of reader in mind.)
A: people who need relief from pain

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165920 - Objective(s) 1.1.3

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Why did the author write this passage?
- to prove the effectiveness of acupressure and acupuncture (Incorrect. The purpose explains why the writer is writing about the topic. While the writer discusses possible effectiveness of the therapies, he does not attempt to prove effectiveness.)
- to compare the techniques of acupressure and acupuncture (Correct. You have correctly identified the author's purpose. In the passage, the author compares the techniques of acupressure and acupuncture.)
- to recommend that people try acupressure before acupuncture (Incorrect. The purpose explains why the writer is writing about the topic. While the writer does say in the conclusion that many people try acupressure first, the recommendation is not the purpose of the passage.)
- to compare acupressure and acupuncture to traditional therapies (Incorrect. The purpose explains why the writer is writing about the topic. While the writer states that many people use acupressure and acupuncture as an alternative to western therapies, she does not do a comparison.)
A: to compare the techniques of acupressure and acupuncture

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165932 - Objective(s) 1.2.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Read paragraph 4 from the passage.

“In applying pressure to pressure points, acupressure practitioners use various rhythms, paces, and styles on the different points. To apply pressure, they may use their hands, fingers, arms, legs, and even their feet. Acupressure practitioners learn about and can identify fourteen pressure points on the body. These points are the places on the body that, acupressurists believe, channel healing energy most effectively. The Chinese call this healing energy qi or chi. In Japan, it is called it ki or reiki.”

What is the topic sentence of this paragraph?
- “In applying pressure to pressure points, acupressure practitioners use various rhythms, paces, and styles on the different points.” (Correct. You have correctly identified the topic sentence of the paragraph. This sentence contains the main point of the paragraph.)
- “To apply pressure, they may use their hands, fingers, arms, legs, and even their feet.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
- “Acupressure practitioners learn about and can identify fourteen pressure points on the body.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
- “These points are the places on the body that, acupressurists believe, channel healing energy most effectively.” (Incorrect. The topic sentence is the main point, or controlling idea, of a paragraph. This sentence is a supporting detail.)
A: “In applying pressure to pressure points, acupressure practitioners use various rhythms, paces, and styles on the different points.”

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165944 - Objective(s) 1.6.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Read this sentence from paragraph 3.

“In addition to easing pain, adherents of acupressure find it effective in relieving stress; boosting the immune system; increasing circulation; as well as helping people gain a better understanding of their own bodies.”

Which word could best replace the word adherents in this sentence?
- supporters (Correct. You have identified the best word to replace the word adherents. The words “find it effective” and the list of positive effects provide context clues as to the meaning.)
- regulators (Incorrect. Context clues help to define unknown vocabulary.)
- students (Incorrect. Context clues help to define unknown vocabulary.)
- critics (Incorrect. Context clues help to define unknown vocabulary.)
A: supporters

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165956 - Objective(s) 2.1.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the main idea of the passage?
- Acupressure and acupuncture are both traditional Chinese therapies, but only one uses needles. (Incorrect. The main idea is the most important idea or central thought the author wants the reader to understand. This statement is a key detail but the focus is too narrow to be the main idea.)
- Acupuncture is more invasive than acupressure, putting patients at a slight risk for infection. (Incorrect. The main idea is the most important idea or central thought the author wants the reader to understand. This statement is a key detail but the focus is too narrow to be the main idea.)
- Make sure to use a competent, certified practitioner if you get acupressure or acupuncture treatments. (Incorrect. The main idea is the most important idea or central thought the author wants the reader to understand. This statement is a key detail but the focus is too narrow to be the main idea.)
- Acupressure and acupuncture are two Eastern therapies that are increasingly being used by Americans to ease pain. (Correct. You have correctly identified the main idea of the passage.)
A: Acupressure and acupuncture are two Eastern therapies that are increasingly being used by Americans to ease pain.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165972 - Objective(s) 3.1.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the author's point of view in paragraph 1 of the passage?
- first-person (Incorrect. Point of view refers to the perspective used by the writer in a story, article, or essay. It lets the reader know who is telling the story or making the argument.)
- second-person (Correct. You have correctly identified the author's point of view in paragraph 1. The word “you” indicates second-person point of view.)
- third-person limited (Incorrect. Point of view refers to the perspective used by the writer in a story, article, or essay. It lets the reader know who is telling the story or making the argument.)
- third-person omniscient (Incorrect. Point of view refers to the perspective used by the writer in a story, article, or essay. It lets the reader know who is telling the story or making the argument.)
A: second-person

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165984 - Objective(s) 4.2.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Based on paragraph 11 of the passage, what conclusion can the reader make about the author?
- She practices alternative medicine herself. (Incorrect. Writers sometimes leave out information, which means the reader has to figure out what the author is trying to say.)
- She feels that acupuncture is a dangerous procedure. (Incorrect. Writers sometimes leave out information, which means the reader has to figure out what the author is trying to say.)
- She believes patients can be helped by either method. (Correct. You have correctly identified the conclusion about the author in this paragraph. The major clue in the paragraph is “you may benefit from either, or both, of these ancient Chinese therapies.”)
- She thinks that a certified acupuncturist is usually the best solution. (Incorrect. Writers sometimes leave out information, which means the reader has to figure out what the author is trying to say.)
A: She believes patients can be helped by either method.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165996 - Objective(s) 6.6.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Which sentence from the passage includes a subordinating conjunction?
- “Acupressurists believe that emotional imbalance causes pain, and that in many cases, pain is the body's response to unresolved issues and events.” (paragraph 3) (Incorrect. Subordinating conjunctions are used to create a special type of dependent clause called a subordinating clause.)
- “To apply pressure, they may use their hands, fingers, arms, legs, and even their feet.” (paragraph 4) (Incorrect. Subordinating conjunctions are used to create a special type of dependent clause called a subordinating clause.)
- “Traditional Chinese medicine teaches that pain is the result of a person's energy flow, or chi, being out of balance.” (paragraph 7) (Incorrect. Subordinating conjunctions are used to create a special type of dependent clause called a subordinating clause.)
- “Acupuncture carries a slight chance of infection or internal bleeding, though these are extremely rare.” (paragraph 11) (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence with the subordinating conjunction. The subordinating conjunction “though” creates the subordinating clause “though these are extremely rare.”)
A: “Acupuncture carries a slight chance of infection or internal bleeding, though these are extremely rare.” (paragraph 11)

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166012 - Objective(s) 7.1.2

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

What is the point of comparison used to compare acupressure and acupuncture?
- history (Incorrect. The passage discusses the techniques of both treatments.)
- popularity (Incorrect. The passage discusses the techniques of both treatments.)
- techniques (Correct. You have correctly identified the point of comparison used in the passage. The passage discusses the techniques of both treatments.)
- time commitment (Incorrect. The passage discusses the techniques of both treatments.)
A: techniques

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165968 - Objective(s) 2.5.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

In the space below, write a summary of the passage.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166008 - Objective(s) 6.3.1

Click here to read the passage before answering the question.

Create an outline that you could use to write an analysis essay for the passage “Acupressure or Acupuncture: Two Eastern Therapies.”

Include a hook, background, and thesis in the introduction outline section.

Use the MEAL concept to help develop the outline of the body paragraphs, and be certain to include a synthesis and final impression in the outline of the conclusion.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165736 - Objective(s) 6.8.1

Which sentence uses an apostrophe correctly?
- Pams plates' have been washed and put away. (Incorrect. Apostrophes are used to show ownership or a close relationship between people or things. In this sentence, “plates” should not have an apostrophe, but “Pams” should have an apostrophe before the “s.”)
- Penelopes' children are staying over tonight. (Incorrect. Apostrophes are used to show ownership or a close relationship between people or things. In this sentence, "Penelopes" should have an apostrophe before the “s.”)
- Phillip's car broke down on the highway. (Correct. Apostrophes are used to show ownership or a close relationship between people or things. This sentence shows that the “car” belongs to “Phillip.”)
- Papas tacos' are the best I've ever tasted. (Incorrect. Apostrophes are used to show ownership or a close relationship between people or things. In this sentence, “tacos” should not have an apostrophe, but “Papas” should have an apostrophe before the “s.”)
A: Phillip's car broke down on the highway.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165748 - Objective(s) 7.2.1

For which writing prompt would you use an explanatory thesis?
- Analyze the differences between yoga and aerobics, and then explain which one is better for your body. (Incorrect. An explanatory thesis compares two subjects without taking a particular stance on either one. This prompt asks the writer to explain which is “better.”)
- Compare and contrast traveling by ship with traveling by airplane, discussing the pros and cons of each. (Correct. You have correctly identified the prompt that asks for a comparison between two topics without bias or judgment.)
- Describe the poetry of Shel Silverstein and the poems of Jack Prelutsky and then decide which poems are funnier. (Incorrect. An explanatory thesis compares two subjects without taking a particular stance on either one. This prompt asks the writer to decide which is “funnier.”)
- Compare and contrast the Great Chicago Fire (1871) and the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 to determine which was worse. (Incorrect. An explanatory thesis compares two subjects without taking a particular stance on either one. This prompt asks the writer to analyze which was “worse.”)
A: Compare and contrast traveling by ship with traveling by airplane, discussing the pros and cons of each.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165760 - Objective(s) 7.3.1

Which of these topics is appropriate for a compare and contrast essay?
- hiking and canoeing (Correct. You have correctly identified the two subjects that are appropriate for comparison. These subjects are part of a similar class (“activities in nature”) and have enough in common that the comparison makes sense.)
- fast food and television (Incorrect. Worthy subjects should have enough in common that the comparison makes sense. The only class these two subjects belong to is “things that should be limited,” which is too broad to inspire a good essay.)
- a work of art and a garbage dump (Incorrect. Worthy subjects should have enough in common that the comparison makes sense. These subjects are not part of a similar class.)
- a documentary film and a coffee shop (Incorrect. Worthy subjects should have enough in common that the comparison makes sense. These subjects are not part of a similar class.)
A: hiking and canoeing

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165772 - Objective(s) 7.4.2

Read this sentence.

The sweater felt tight and uncomfortable.

The writer revised this sentence to include a metaphor. Which revised sentence includes a metaphor?
- The sweater felt as uncomfortable as being on a crowded subway. (Incorrect. A metaphor is a word or phrase that describes one thing by comparing it to something that is very different. This sentence includes a simile.)
- Wearing the sweater felt like being in a prison cell. (Incorrect. A metaphor is a word or phrase that describes one thing by comparing it to something that is very different. This sentence includes a simile.)
- The sweater hugged me like a long lost friend. (Incorrect. A metaphor is a word or phrase that describes one thing by comparing it to something that is very different. This sentence includes personification and a simile.)
- The sweater was a straitjacket. (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence that contains a metaphor. In this sentence, “sweater” is presented as if it is actually “a straitjacket.”)
A: The sweater was a straitjacket.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165784 - Objective(s) 7.9.1

Which sentence uses modifiers correctly?
- Counting the minutes, the contest seemed endless. (Incorrect. A dangling modifier describes a word that is missing in a sentence. “Counting the minutes” describes a person who is not in the sentence.)
- Playing chess all afternoon, Celia exhausted herself. (Correct. You have correctly identified the sentence in which the modifier “Playing chess all afternoon” is immediately before the person it describes: “Celia.”)
- Tweeting loudly in the tree, I noticed the colorful birds. (Incorrect. A misplaced modifier is not placed immediately before or after the word it describes. The participial phrase “Tweeting loudly in the tree” is meant to modify “the colorful birds,” but it is misplaced before “I.”)
- Shara lost the ball in the pond that belonged to her friend. (Incorrect. A misplaced modifier is not placed immediately before or after the word it describes. The phrase “that belonged to her friend” modifies “ball,” but it is misplaced after “pond.”)
A: Playing chess all afternoon, Celia exhausted herself.

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 165796 - Objective(s) 8.2.1

Read these sentences.

During his past two vacations, Stan received offers for freelance work. If Stan continues to go on vacation he will receive more offers for work.

Which logical fallacy do these sentences demonstrate?
- genetic fallacy (Incorrect. Genetic fallacy is the assumption that because two things are associated with each other, they share the same traits.)
- reversing causal direction (Incorrect. Reversing causal direction is the implication that “A” causes “B” without considering that “B” causes “A.”)
- fallacy of the single cause (Incorrect. Fallacy of the single cause is the assumption that an event has only one cause.)
- correlation proves causation (Correct. You have correctly identified the logical fallacy. Correlation proves causation is the logical fallacy that because “A” and “B” happen to occur at the same time, there is a causal relationship between them.)
A: correlation proves causation

Q: Summative Test (Form A) Question 166024 - Objective(s) 10.9.1

Which of these sentences uses quotation marks correctly?
- My teacher said that she would “grade the papers fairly and give extra points for additional sources.” (Correct. You have identified the sentence that is punctuated correctly. A partial quotation is not capitalized. Punctuation goes inside of quotation marks.)
- My teacher said that she would, “Grade the papers fairly and give extra points for additional sources.” (Incorrect. When using quotation marks for a partial quotation, make sure to use punctuation and capital letters correctly.)
- My teacher said that she would “grade the papers fairly and give extra points for additional sources”. (Incorrect. When using quotation marks for a partial quotation, make sure to use punctuation and capital letters correctly.)
- My teacher said that she would: “grade the papers fairly and give extra points for additional sources.” (Incorrect. When using quotation marks for a partial quotation, make sure to use punctuation and capital letters correctly.)
A: My teacher said that she would “grade the papers fairly and give extra points for additional sources.”